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1.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci ; 22(1): 190-198, 2018 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29364487

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if the prophylactic application of BiPAP previous to lung resection and 17 hours postoperatively improves respiratory function. In order to do this, we studied the results of arterial blood gases and portable spirometry in the immediate postoperative period and at the first and third postoperative day. Secondary objectives included evaluating whether this same pattern decreases the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) and hospital stay. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized clinical study. Between January 2012 and June 2013, 50 patients who had undergone lung resection with posterolateral thoracotomy were assigned to one of two groups by a random number generator according to whether or not they would receive prophylactic BiPAP pre- and postoperatively. RESULTS: The results of the gasometric and spirometric values were similar in both groups. There were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). There was not a decrease in the incidence of PPC in the group that received prophylactic BiPAP. Likewise, postoperative stay was similar in both groups. The BiPAP group was 6.60 ± 4 days and the non BiPAP group was 6.84 ± 3.94 days (p = 0.63). CONCLUSIONS: One drawback of this work was the limited number of hours that BiPAP was employed, and when compared to other studies, the application of low-pressure support. We did not find any significant differences between using prophylactic BiPAP or not, suggesting that such treatment should not be performed indiscriminately. More investigations are needed with a larger number of patients in order to better evaluate the possible benefits of using prophylactic BiPAP in thoracic surgery.


Assuntos
Pulmão/cirurgia , Respiração Artificial , Adulto , Idoso , Gasometria , Feminino , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Respiração com Pressão Positiva , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios , Período Pré-Operatório , Estudos Prospectivos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Transtornos Respiratórios/patologia , Transtornos Respiratórios/prevenção & controle , Espirometria , Toracotomia
2.
Comput Intell Neurosci ; 2016: 5615618, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27436997

RESUMO

A bioinspired locomotion system for a quadruped robot is presented. Locomotion is achieved by a spiking neural network (SNN) that acts as a Central Pattern Generator (CPG) producing different locomotion patterns represented by their raster plots. To generate these patterns, the SNN is configured with specific parameters (synaptic weights and topologies), which were estimated by a metaheuristic method based on Christiansen Grammar Evolution (CGE). The system has been implemented and validated on two robot platforms; firstly, we tested our system on a quadruped robot and, secondly, on a hexapod one. In this last one, we simulated the case where two legs of the hexapod were amputated and its locomotion mechanism has been changed. For the quadruped robot, the control is performed by the spiking neural network implemented on an Arduino board with 35% of resource usage. In the hexapod robot, we used Spartan 6 FPGA board with only 3% of resource usage. Numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed system in both cases.


Assuntos
Locomoção/fisiologia , Modelos Neurológicos , Redes Neurais de Computação , Robótica/instrumentação , Robótica/métodos , Potenciais de Ação/fisiologia , Inteligência Artificial , Simulação por Computador , Humanos , Plasticidade Neuronal , Neurônios/fisiologia
3.
Vitae (Medellín) ; 22(2): 87-100, 2015. Ilustraciones
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-987853

RESUMO

Background: Human milk is considered the best source of nutrition for young infants. However, if mothers cannot provide adequate breast milk or if infants are premature or have a low birth weight, breast-feeding must often be replaced or complemented with infant formulas (IFs). The interactions between infant formula components (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamin and minerals) mainly affect carbohydrates and proteins (Maillard reaction, MR), but those involving proteins are especially important in products used in infant feeding because of the high protein requirements of infants. On the other hand, fatty acids (FAs) are considered important in infant development. Objectives: The aim of the present work was to test the stability of IFs made with different ingredients, analyzing the available lysine losses (for protein stability) and the FAs content and the peroxide value (for fat stability) during stored at normal and adverse conditions and to propose a faster control of that stability. Methods: Available lysine analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), lipid oxidation by titrimetric method and FAs profile by gas chromatography (GC) were determined in four types of IFs prepared with intact and partially hydrolyzed proteins and different carbohydrates (lactose or maltodextrins) during storage at 4, 20 and 30 ºC for 24 months at normal water activity (Aw=0.1-0.4), and at Aw of 0.65 at 20 and 30 ºC for 4 weeks. These IFs were prepared twice (IF1 and IF2) in different batches by a Spanish dietary product company. Results: At 30ºC, available lysine losses were 40-50% in all IFs analyzed. The behavior and percentage lysine loss between 1 and 4 weeks of storage at 30 °C with Aw=0.65 was similar to those obtained after 24 months of storage at 30 °C. No significant changes were observed in fatty acid profile during storage. Oxidation was only observed in opened packs and after 4 weeks/30 °C/Aw=0.65. Conclusions: The losses of available lysine increase to higher time and storage temperatures. The FAs shows a good stability for any storage condition; however peroxide values prove more sensitive than FAs changes for evaluating fat oxidation during the storage of IFs.


Antecedentes: La leche materna es la mejor fuente nutricional para niños recién nacidos. Sin embargo, cuando las madres no pueden proveer leche, o si los niños son prematuros o tienen bajo peso al nacer, la lactancia debe ser reemplazada o complementada con fórmulas infantiles (IFs). La interacción entre los componentes de las IFs (proteínas, grasas, carbohidratos, vitaminas y minerales) principalmente afecta carbohidratos y proteínas (Reacción de Maillard, MR), pero los que implican proteínas son especialmente importantes en alimentación infantil debido a los altos requerimientos de proteína de los lactantes. Por otra parte, los ácidos grasos (FAs) son considerados importantes en el desarrollo de los niños. Objetivos: El objetivo fue evaluar la estabilidad de IFs elaboradas con diferentes ingredientes, analizando lisina útil (para estabilidad de proteínas), contenido de FAs y valor de peróxidos (para estabilidad de grasas) durante el almacenamiento bajo condiciones normales y adversas, y proponer un control más rápido de la estabilidad. Metodos: Los análisis de lisina útil por cromatografía liquida de alta resolución (HPLC), oxidación lipídica por el método de titulación y el perfil de FAs por cromatografía de gases (GC) fueron determinados en cuatro tipos de IFs preparadas con proteínas intactas y parcialmente hidrolizadas con diferentes carbohidratos (lactosa y maltodextrinas) durante el almacenamiento a 4, 20 y 30ºC por 24 meses a actividad de agua normal (Aw=0,1-0,4), y a Aw de 0,65 a 20 y 30 ºC por 4 semanas. Estas IFs fueron preparadas dos veces (IF1 y IF2 ) en baches diferentes por una empresa Española de productos dietarios. Resultados: A 30ºC, las pérdidas de lisina útil fueron de 40-50% en todas las IFs analizadas. El comportamiento y porcentaje de pérdidas de lisina entre la 1 y 4 semana de conservación a 30 °C con Aw=0,65 fue similar a las obtenidas tras 24 de almacenamiento a 30 °C. No se observaron cambios significativos en el perfil de FAs durante el almacenamiento. Oxidación solo se observo en los envases abiertos y después de 4 semanas/30 °C/Aw=0.65. Conclusiones: Las pérdidas de lisina útil incrementan a mayor tiempo y temperatura de almacenamiento. Los FAs muestran una buena estabilidad para cualquiera de las condiciones de almacenamiento, sin embargo el valor de peróxidos evidencia mayor sensibilidad que los cambios en FAs para evaluar la oxidación de las grasas durante el almacenamiento de IFs.


Assuntos
Lactente , Fórmulas Infantis , Peróxidos , Ácidos Graxos , Lisina , Proteínas do Leite
4.
Nutr Hosp ; 28(3): 868-77, 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23848114

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent the main cause of morbi-mortality in western countries. Serum cholesterol levels have been related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Egg intake has been indirectly related to the risk of developing CVD because of its high cholesterol content. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to examine the association between egg intake and CVD risk factors in adolescents, assessing the possible influence of physical activity. METHODS: We studied 380 adolescents enrolled in the HELENA (HEalthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) study. Food intake was estimated by 2 nonconsecutive 24 h recalls. We measured adiposity indicators, lipid profile, blood glucose and insulin levels, insulin resistance, blood pressure and cardiorespiratory fitness. A CVD risk score was computed as a measure of the overall CVD risk profile. Physical activity was objectively measured by accelerometry. Sexual development was examined. Socioeconomic and smoking statuses were obtained by questionnaire. The association between egg intake and CVD risk factors was examined using a multilevel analysis adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: Egg intake was not associated with lipid profile, adiposity, insulin resistance, blood pressure, cardiorespiratory fitness or the integrated CVD risk score. This lack of association was not influenced by physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study suggest that egg intake is not associated with a less favorable lipid or CVD risk profile in adolescents. This lack of association is not influenced by the level of physical activity.


Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECVs) suponen la principal causa de morbi-mortalidad en los países occidentales. El incremento del colesterol plasmático se ha relacionado con el desarrollo de ECV. El huevo, por su alto contenido en colesterol, ha sido indirectamente relacionado con el riesgo de desarrollar ECVs. Objetivo: Examinar la asociación entre ingesta de huevo y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en adolescentes, estudiando si dicha relación está influenciada por la actividad física. Método: Se estudiaron 380 adolescentes pertenecientes al estudio HELENA (HEalthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence). La ingesta de alimentos se estimó mediante anamnesis nutricional de dos días no consecutivos. Se midieron indicadores de adiposidad, perfil lipídico, glucosa, insulina, resistencia a la insulina, tensión arterial y capacidad aeróbica. Se calculó un índice integrado de riesgo cardiovascular (IRCV) como medida del perfil cardiovascular global. La actividad física se midió mediante acelerometría. Se examinó el desarrollo madurativo. El estatus socioeconómico y consumo de tabaco se obtuvieron mediante cuestionario. La asociación entre ingesta de huevo y factores de riesgo de ECV se examinó mediante un modelo de regresión multinivel ajustado por factores de confusión. Resultados: La ingesta de huevo no se asoció con perfil lipídico, nivel de adiposidad, tensión arterial, resistencia a la insulina, capacidad aeróbica o IRCV (todos P > 0,05). Esta falta de asociación no estuvo influenciada por el nivel de actividad física. Conclusiones: Estos resultados sugieren que no existe asociación entre ingesta de huevo y perfil lipídico, adiposidad, resistencia a la insulina, tensión arterial, capacidad aeróbica o el IRCV en adolescentes. La actividad física no influencia dicha falta de asociación.


Introducción: Se ha afirmado que el consumo adecuado de los productos lácteos puede ser beneficioso para la prevención y el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2). Objetivos: El objetivo de esta revisión es analizar críticamente la principal evidencia científica sobre este tema. Métodos: MEDLINE, PubMed, Science Direct, SCIELO y LILACS fueron consultadas para estudios publicados en los últimos 12 años explorando los efectos del consumo de productos lácteos o sus componentes (calcio, vitamina D y magnesio) en la DMT2. Resultados y discusión: Los estudios epidemiológicos indican que el consumo de por lo menos tres porciones de productos lácteos bajos en grasa al día como parte de una dieta saludable, es crucial para reducir el riesgo de desarrollar DMT2. La mayoría de los estudios de intervención analizados reportaron efectos benéficos del aumento del calcio y de la ingestión de vitamina D en la mejora de la sensibilidad a la insulina y la prevención de DMT2. Conclusiones: Aunque el impacto del consumo de productos lácteos para tratar DMT2 necesita más investigación, el consumo de productos lácteos bajos en grasa puede ser una importante estrategia para prevenir y controlar la DMT2.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Ovos , Atividade Motora , Adolescente , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Risco
5.
Nutr Hosp ; 26(5): 1168-74, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22072369

RESUMO

At the present time, the abuse of all class of sport nutritional supplements (NS) has extended the people who go regularly to gymnasiums. Between these substances there are the Protein Powder Supplements (PPS). The purpose of this study is to examine the consumption of PPS in 415 individuals from Seville fitness centers. All individuals were evaluated with anthropometric measurements and completed a questionnaire previously reviewed, evaluating the validity of the content, application, structure and presentation. 28% of the individuals were using or used PPS. Of the total, 42.7% of male individuals compared to 3.2% of the females. The use of PPS was higher than what has been reported in previous studies about supplement use in fitness center, 28% vs 10-14% aprox. The SPP use is associated with sex, age, and time of sport practiced. More than a 25% of the total individuals that attend a gym use PPS. The total individuals that attend a gym and use PPS far exceed the RDA of protein for general population and/or athletes, being able to cause problems of health.


Assuntos
Proteínas na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Suplementos Nutricionais/estatística & dados numéricos , Academias de Ginástica/estatística & dados numéricos , Antropometria , Estatura/fisiologia , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Dieta , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Política Nutricional , Razão de Chances , Educação Física e Treinamento , Fatores Sexuais , Espanha/epidemiologia , Esportes/fisiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários
6.
Nutr. hosp ; 26(5): 1168-1174, sept.-oct. 2011. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-93467

RESUMO

At the present time, the abuse of all class of sport nutritional supplements (NS) has extended the people who go regularly to gymnasiums. Between these substances there are the Protein Powder Supplements (PPS). The purpose of this study is to examine the consumption of PPS in 415 individuals from Seville fitness centers. All individuals were evaluated with anthropometric measurements and completed a questionnaire previously reviewed, evaluating the validity of the content, application, structure and presentation. 28% of the individuals were using or used PPS. Of the total, 42.7% of male individuals compared to 3.2% of the females. The use of PPS was higher than what has been reported in previous studies about supple ment use in fitness center, 28% vs 10-14% aprox. The SPP use is associated with sex, age, and time of sport practiced. More than a 25% of the total individuals that attend a gym use PPS. The total individuals that attend a gym and use PPS far exceed the RDA of protein for general population and/or athletes, being able to cause problems of health (AU)


En la actualidad, el abuso de toda clase de suplementos nutricionales (SN) deportivos se ha extendido a las personas que acuden a gimnasios regularmente. Entre estas sustancias están los Suplementos Proteicos en Polvo (SPP). El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar el consumo de suplementos proteicos en un grupo de 415 usuarios de gimnasios sevillanos. Los usuarios fueron valorados antropométricamente y realizaron un cuestionario que previamente fue evaluado para conocer la validez del contenido, aplicación, estructura y presentación. El 28% de la muestra consumían o habían consumido SPP, resultando, el 42,7% del total de los hombres frente al 3,2% del total de las mujeres encuestadas. El porcentaje de consumo de SPP está por encima de los valores aportados por otros estudios que evalúan la suplementación en gimnasios, 28% vs 10-14% aprox. El consumo de SPP está asociado con el sexo, la edad y el tiempo de práctica deportiva. Más de una cuarta parte de las personas que acuden regularmente a un gimnasio consumen SPP. El total de los usuarios de un gimnasio que consumen SPP realizan un consumo diario de proteínas mucho mayor que el recomendado para la población normal y/o deportista, pudiendo ocasionar problemas de salud (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Proteínas na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Ginástica/tendências , Inquéritos Nutricionais/estatística & dados numéricos
7.
Nutr. hosp ; 25(5): 768-773, sept.-oct. 2010. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-97299

RESUMO

Objetivos: El propósito principal de este estudio es comparar el efecto de una alcalosis y acidosis inducidas por la dieta sobre el rendimiento en un esfuerzo anaeróbico láctico mantenido. Métodos: Para ello, trece sujetos activos se sometieron de forma cruzada a sendas dietas durante dos días y medio. Inmediatamente después realizaron una prueba de esfuerzo anaeróbica láctica máxima de estado estable hasta el agotamiento sobre cicloergómetro a 250W.Resultados: La valoración de las dietas mostró una diferencia significativa en la excreción renal neta de ácidos (NAE) estimada, así como un déficit calórico del54% en la dieta alcalinizante, debido principalmente a una ingesta reducida de hidratos de carbono. En un 83% de los sujetos aumentó el pH urinario tras la dieta alcalinizante. El 77% incrementó sus niveles de lactato en sangre en la prueba tras la dieta alcalina. Los tiempos hasta la extenuación durante la prueba mejoraron o se mantuvieron en un 58% de los sujetos, siendo las mujeres las que mejor respondieron a la dieta con un 83% de casos. Conclusiones: Parece haber evidencias de mejora de rendimiento en esfuerzos de tipo anaeróbico láctico hasta el agotamiento de 60 s a 2 min de duración tras consumir una dieta con potencial alcalinizante (AU)


Objectives: The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of two diets, one acidifier and the other alkalizer, on the sport performance in an extreme anaerobic stress test. Methods: For that purpose thirteen individuals were subjected to two such diets in a crossed test for two and a half days. Immediately after, they were tested in a maximumlactic anaerobic stress test of stable state to exhaustion on an ergo-cycle at 250W. Results: The assessment of the diets yielded a significant difference in the estimated NAE (net acid excretion) and a caloric deficit of 54% on the alkalizer diet,mainly due to a reduced ingestion of carbohydrates.The urinary pH increased by 83% for the individuals subjected to the alkalizer diet, 77% of those subjects experienced an increase in their blood lactate level during the test. The time to exhaustion while on the test improved or remained in 58% of the subjects, being the females who reacted best to the diet in 83% of the cases. Conclusions: There seems to be evidence of improvement in extreme anaerobic stress test to exhaustion from 60s to 2 mins of duration after consuming a diet with alkalizer potential (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Desempenho Atlético , Alcalose/fisiopatologia , Teste de Esforço , Alcalinizantes/análise , Ácido Láctico/urina , Ácidos/urina
8.
Ars pharm ; 51(supl.3): 23-29, jul. 2010. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-99461

RESUMO

La carboximetillisina (CML) es un indicador de etapas avanzadas de la reacción de Maillard. Su formación en los alimentos dependerá directamente de la composición de los mismos, pero también dela temperatura y tiempo de calentamiento al que se ven sometidos durante el procesado. Concretamente, se ve favorecida cuando el tratamiento térmico es más severo, de ahí que esté presente en alimentos tostados u horneados como los productos de panadería o bollería. En el presente trabajo se analizó el contenido de CML en 9 tipos de alimentos: pan integral, pan de molde tostado a diferentes tiempos, colines, torta de inés rosales, palmera, caracola, suizo y medianoche y galleta integral más o menos horneadas. La determinación de CML se realizó mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas, previa reducción, hidrólisis y derivatización. Los valores de CML determinados en las muestras del estudio oscilaron entre 1,38 mg/100 g muestra (palitos no integrales) y 10,4 mg/100 g de muestra (galleta más tostada). El pan de molde mostró un incremento en el contenido de CML paralelo al tiempo de tostado, pasando de 6,31 mg/100 g sin tostar, a 6,44mg/100g con 1 minuto de tostado y a 8,95 mg/100 g con 6 minutos de tostado. En conclusión, es importante conocer la cantidad de CML que contiene un alimento, para controlar su ingesta, especialmente en los sometidos a tostado u horneado, ya que, como se ha comprobado en este estudio, el contenido de CML incrementa paralelamente al tratamiento térmico(AU)


Carboximetillysine (CML) is an indicator of advanced stages of Maillard reaction. Its formation in foods depends on their composition but, moreover, on temperature and time of thermal treatment whom they are submitted during processed. Particularly, it is favored when thermal treatment is more severe, with the result that it is present in toasted or baked foods such as bakery products. In the present study, CML content in 9 different foods was analyzed: integral bread, sliced bread which was toasted at different times, breadsticks, “inés rosales” cake, heart-shaped pastry, flaky pastry, bun with sugar and bun and integral biscuit more or less baked. Determination of CML was carried out by GCMS, after reduction, hydrolysis and derivatization. CML values in studied samples ranged from 1.38mg/100 g of sample (no integral breadsticks) to 10.4 mg/100 g of sample (more toasted biscuit). In sliced bread a relationship between CML content and time of toasting was observed, increasing from6.31 mg/100 g without toasting to 6.44 mg/100 g with 1 min and to 8.95 mg/100 g with 6 min of toasting. In conclusion, it is important to know CML content in foods in order to control its intake, especially in toasted or baked foods since, as it has been tested in this study, CML content is related to the thermal treatment(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Reação de Maillard , Espectrometria de Massas/instrumentação , Espectrometria de Massas/tendências , Espectrometria de Massas , Tratamento Térmico/análise , Tratamento Térmico/métodos , Reação de Maillard/efeitos da radiação , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas/normas
9.
Ars pharm ; 51(supl.3): 135-143, jul. 2010. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-99471

RESUMO

Una de las modificaciones más importantes inducidas en el alimento durante el calentamiento es la reacción de Maillard, donde participan aminoácidos y azúcares reductores, pudiendo producirse mejora de las características organolépticas del alimento pero también pérdida del valor nutritivo y aparición de compuestos tóxicos. Los cereales infantiles son hidrolizados durante el procesado, aumentando los niveles de azúcares reductores, por lo que en el tostado o desecado de estas muestras puede favorecerse el desarrollo de la reacción de Maillard. Los niños son especialmente susceptibles ala disminución del valor nutritivo y al consumo de compuestos potencialmente tóxicos, de ahí la importancia de conocer el grado de desarrollo de esta reacción en dichos productos. En este estudio se determinó el contenido de acrilamida y furosina en harinas crudas y tostadas y en papillas infantiles, con el fin de evaluar la extensión de la reacción de Maillard. El contenido de furosina osciló entre11,5-34,6 mg/100 g de proteínas en las muestras de harinas y entre 122-1193 mg/100 g de proteínas en las muestras de papillas. No se detectó acrilamida en las muestras de harinas y osciló entre 0,22 y 9,6Cg/kg en las papillas. Las pérdidas de lisina pueden considerarse altas en algunas muestras, pero no suponen riesgo de déficit nutricional al consumirse estos productos con leche. La acrilamida sólo se encontró en niveles cuantificables en cuatro muestras y en concentraciones muy bajas; éstas se encuentran lejos de la dosis máxima permitida y por lo tanto no deberían representar problemas adversos tras su consumo(AU)


One of the most important modifications originated in foods during thermal treatment is Maillard reaction, in which amino acids and reducing sugars are participants. This reaction can improve the organoleptic characteristics of foods but, moreover, can lead to nutritional value losses and apparition of toxicological compounds. Infant cereals are hydrolyzed during processing, increasing reducing sugar levels thereby Maillard reaction can be favored in toasted or dried samples. Infants are especially susceptible to the decreased nutritional value and to the toxicological compounds consumption. Thus it is important to know the development rate of this reaction in these products. In this study acrylamide and furosine content in raw and toasted flour and in infant formulas were determined, in order to evaluate Maillard reaction evolution. Furosine content ranged from 11.5 to34.6 mg/100 g of proteins in toasted flour samples and from 122 to 1193 mg/100 g of proteins in formula samples. Acrylamide was not detected in flour samples ranging from 0.22 and 9.6 Cg/kg in formula samples. Lysine losses can be considered to be high in several samples, but it does not suppose a nutritional deficiency risk because these products are consumed together with milk. Acrylamide only was found in quantified levels in four samples and in very low concentrations. These values are lower than the maximum dose allowed and, therefore, they should not represent adverse problems after their consumption(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Reação de Maillard , Reação de Maillard/efeitos da radiação , Aminoácidos/antagonistas & inibidores , Aminoácidos/síntese química , Aminoácidos , Grão Comestível , Grão Comestível/efeitos da radiação , Acrilamida/isolamento & purificação , Acrilamida/metabolismo , Substâncias Redutoras/metabolismo , Substâncias Redutoras/farmacologia , Substâncias Redutoras/farmacocinética
10.
Ars pharm ; 51(supl.2): 419-424, mayo 2010. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-88663

RESUMO

La importancia de la alimentación en la consecución de la salud y en la prevención de la enfermedad y la necesidad de un buen control de la dieta para alcanzar resultados satisfactorios en la reducción del riesgo, tratamiento y control de muchas de las enfermedades crónicas, es un hecho documentado científicamente y de gran relevancia en la sociedad actual. La Orden CIN/2137/2008, de 3 de julio establece los requisitos para la verificación de los títulos universitarios oficiales que habiliten para el ejercicio de la profesión farmacéutica, abarcando diversas competencias que aluden directamente a la formación del farmacéutico en el campo de la nutrición. Entre ellas se incluyen 1) Prestar consejo terapéutico en farmacoterapia y dietoterapia, así como consejo nutricional y alimentario a los usuarios de los establecimientos en los que presten servicio. 2) Conocer la relación existente entre la alimentación y salud, y la importancia de la dieta en el tratamiento y prevención de las enfermedades. 3) Desarrollar análisis higiénico-sanitarios (bioquímico, bromatológico, microbiológicos, parasitológicos) relacionados con la salud en general y con los alimentos y medio ambiente en particular. 4) Conocer las técnicas analíticas relacionadas con el diagnóstico de laboratorio de tóxicos, alimentos y medioambiente. En este sentido, el nuevo Grado en Farmacia aprobado por el Consejo de Gobierno de la Universidad de Granada incluye la asignatura troncal “Nutrición y Bromatología” de 6 créditos. Sin embargo los créditos obligatorios aprobados por la ANECA para esta materia en 8 Universidades Españolas oscilan entre 7,5 para Sevilla y 12 créditos para Madrid con una media de 9,4 créditos. De esta forma ¿Es posible cubrir con los 6 créditos asignados a esta materia una formación mínima para que el farmacéutico pueda realizar adecuadamente las competencias que se le han asignado?(AU)


The importance of nutrition on human health and on illness prevention, and the need for a good control of the diet to reach satisfactory results in the reduction of the risk, treatment and control of many of the chronic diseases, is a scientifically documented fact quite relevant in the current society(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Ciências da Nutrição/educação , Educação em Farmácia/organização & administração , Educação em Farmácia/normas , Educação Baseada em Competências/métodos , Educação Baseada em Competências/normas , Ciências da Nutrição/tendências , Educação em Farmácia/tendências , Educação em Farmácia/ética , Educação Baseada em Competências/legislação & jurisprudência , Educação Baseada em Competências/organização & administração , Educação Baseada em Competências/tendências , Análise de Alimentos/ética , Análise de Alimentos/instrumentação
11.
Ars pharm ; 51(supl.2): 435-442, mayo 2010. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-88665

RESUMO

Una vez licenciado, el farmacéutico puede optar por un elevado número de salidas profesionales, tanto en el sector público al servicio de los diferentes cuerpos y administraciones, como en el sector privado. Los perfiles profesionales más frecuentes del farmacéutico pueden englobarse en 4 modalidades: Oficina de Farmacia (Farmacia Comunitaria), Farmacia Hospitalaria, Distribución e Industria Farmacéutica o Análisis y Salud Pública. A nivel de oficina de farmacia, el farmacéutico, junto a la dispensación de medicamentos, ejerce un destacado papel como asesor y consejero de salud. Las estadísticas desvelan que una de cada cuatro personas que entran en una farmacia no adquiere medicamentos, sino que sólo pide un consejo sanitario, incluyendo asesoría sobre dietas, alimentación y nutrición. Además, la aparición en los últimos años de complementos alimenticios, de venta en farmacia, hace que el farmacéutico deba formarse y comportarse como profesional en lo que respecta a temas de nutrición. Otra salida profesional, como la inspección Farmacéutica, incluye la supervisión de agua y alimentos no animales, por lo que el farmacéutico debe tener un amplio conocimiento sobre la legislación, sanidad y análisis de alimentos. Por otro lado, la industria farmacéutica incluye una amplia variedad de salidas profesionales, incluyéndose dirección técnica, control de calidad y de fabricación, gestión comercial, documentación científica o análisis. La industria agroalimentaria ha experimentado importantes cambios en las últimas décadas, exigiendo profesionales en la materia, como dietistas o analistas bromatológicos, dentro de un equipo multidisciplinar. En este sentido, el farmacéutico, a través del nuevo grado en Farmacia, debe adquirir una base sólida en el campo de la nutrición y bromatología. Así, las competencias recogidas en la Orden CIN/2137/2008 ponen de manifiesto la importancia de la formación del futuro farmacéutico en el ámbito de la alimentación(AU)


Once graduated, the pharmacist can choose a high number of professional skills, both in public and private sectors. The most frequent professional skills of the pharmacist can be included in 4 different fields: Pharmacy Office (Communitary Pharmacy), Hospital Pharmacy, Distribution andPharmaceutical Industry or Analysis and Public Health. At the pharmacy office level, the pharmacist, along with the medicines dispensation, exercises an out-standing role as health adviser. The statistics reveal that 25% of the pharmacy customers do not acquire medicines, but they only ask for a sanitary advice, including nutrition and dietetic consultations. Moreover, in the last years nutritive supplements have been included within the pharmaceutical sales. Thus, the pharmacist should be formed about nutritional topics. Another professional skill, like the pharmaceutical inspection, includes drinkable water and non-animal foodstuffs analyses. Then, the pharmacist should have a wide knowledge on legislation, health and food analysis. On the other hand, the pharmaceutical industry includes a wide variety of professional skills, including technical direction, quality control, commercial management, scientific documentation or analysis. Finally, the agro-alimentary industry has experienced important changes in the last decades, demanding professionals in the matter, like dietitians or food analysts. In this sense, the pharmacist, across the new degree in Pharmacy, must acquire a solid base in the nutrition and bromatology field. Therefore, the competences gathered in the Disposition CIN / 2137/2008 reveals the importance of the formation of the future pharmacist in the nutrition area(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Farmacêuticos/organização & administração , Farmacêuticos/tendências , Farmacêuticos , Educação em Farmácia , 52503/educação , Ciências da Nutrição/educação , Serviços Comunitários de Farmácia , Educação Baseada em Competências/organização & administração , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Farmácia , Tecnologia Farmacêutica/educação , Educação Baseada em Competências/legislação & jurisprudência , Educação Baseada em Competências/métodos
12.
Nutr Hosp ; 25(5): 768-73, 2010.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21336434

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of two diets, one acidifier and the other alkalizer, on the sport performance in an extreme anaerobic stress test. METHODS: For that purpose thirteen individuals were subjected to two such diets in a crossed test for two and a half days. Immediately after, they were tested in a maximum lactic anaerobic stress test of stable state to exhaustion on an ergo-cycle at 250 W. RESULTS: The assessment of the diets yielded a significant difference in the estimated NAE (net acid excretion) and a caloric deficit of 54% on the alkalizer diet, mainly due to a reduced ingestion of carbohydrates. The urinary pH increased by 83% for the individuals subjected to the alkalizer diet, 77% of those subjects experienced an increase in their blood lactate level during the test. The time to exhaustion while on the test improved or remained in 58% of the subjects, being the females who reacted best to the diet in 83% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: There seems to be evidence of improvement in extreme anaerobic stress test to exhaustion from 60 s to 2 mins of duration after consuming a diet with alkalizer potential.


Assuntos
Alcalose/metabolismo , Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , Dieta , Acidose Láctica/metabolismo , Anaerobiose , Carboidratos da Dieta/farmacologia , Teste de Esforço , Feminino , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Masculino , Caracteres Sexuais , Adulto Jovem
13.
Nutr. clín. diet. hosp ; 26(2): 40-46, mar.-abr. 2006. tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-044867

RESUMO

Introducción: las actividades desarrolladas por las personas a lo largo de un día conllevan un gasto energético conocido como gasto energético total (GET), y se define como la cantidad de energía que un individuo necesita para mantener y realizar todas sus actividades en un tiempo limitado de 24 h. Objetivo: en el presente estudio se ha determinado la composición corporal y se han comparado diferentes fórmulas predictivas para el cálculo del gasto energético total en un grupo de alumnos de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y Deporte de la Universidad de Granada que practica deporte de forma regular. Los métodos usados para la comparación fueron los siguientes: Múltiplos de equivalentes metabólicos (METs); Método Factorial (MF); Factor Compensado(FC); Factor Recomendado (FR); Suma de Componentes (SC); DRIs y FAO. Resultados: la talla de los hombres y mujeres y el peso de los hombres estaban dentro de los valores normales, el peso de las mujeres y el porcentaje de grasa de hombres y mujeres estaban por debajo de los valores medios. El GET medio utilizando el METs fue de 3251 kcal/día para hombres y 2629 kcal/día para mujeres, lo que corresponde a una actividad entre moderada e intensa. Los métodos: METs, MF y SC, y DRIs, FCy FR presentaron valores medios semejantes. Los métodos: METs – MF, FR – SC, METs –SC, DRIs – FC y DRIs – FR para hombres y mujeres; y METs – FAO, FAO – FR, FAO – SC, FAO– MF, FC – FR y SC – MF para mujeres, poseen una alta correlación y fueron estadísticamente iguales. Conclusiones: los métodos: MF y METs; FR y SC resultaron estadísticamente iguales para toda la muestra y poseen una correlación muy alta por lo que pueden ser utilizados en esta muestra deforma indiferente (AU)


Introduction: the activities developed by people along one day carry an expenditure energy called total energy expenditure. It was explained like the energy expended by an individual in 24 hours. Objective: in the present study was compared the different prescriptive formules to calculate the total energy expenditure (EE) in a students group of the Faculty of Physical Activities and Sports Sciences from the University of Granada. The methods used to estimate EE were indirect methods based in physical activity records: METs, factorial (MF), recommended factor (FR),compensated factor (FC), sum of components(SC), DRIs and FAO. Results: The height of men and women and the weight of men were inside the normal values of Spanish population. The weight of women and the percentage of body fat were under the normal values of Spanish population. The mean value of EE using the METS method was 3251Kcal/day for men and 2629 kcal/day for women. These values correspond to an activity between moderate and hard. The mean values obtained by METs, MF and SC and DRIs, FC and FR were similar. The methods METs – MF, FR – SC, METs –SC, DRIs – FC y DRIs – FR in women and men; and METs – FAO, FAO – FR, FAO – SC, FAO –MF, FC – FR y SC – MF in women had a high correlation and were statistically similar. Conclusions: the methods MF and METs; and FR and SC were statistically similar to all groups and had a very high correlation (AU)


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Educação Física e Treinamento , Composição Corporal/fisiologia , Antropometria
14.
J Agric Food Chem ; 48(9): 4176-81, 2000 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10995333

RESUMO

Bread is the most important food in the Spanish household and represents the largest proportion of products produced by commercial bakeries. The browning indicators furosine, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and color were determined to evaluate heat effects induced during manufacture of these foods. The breads analyzed were common, special, sliced toasted, and snack breads. Identical sample preparation and HPLC conditions were used to determine HMF in all breads. The precision tested at high and low HMF concentration in breads was 2.60% and 1.57%, respectively. Recovery of HMF was 96.2%. The HMF values ranged from 2.2 to 68.8 mg/kg. Color index (100 - L) ranged from 17.0 to 38.2. The linear correlations (r(2)) between 100 - L/HMF were above 0.70 for common, special, and snack breads. Similar correlation was obtained between 100 - L/HMF in a dough baking at different times. The furosine content in common bread ranged between 125 and 208 mg/100 g of protein. No linear correlation was found between furosine and HMF. Moreover, HMF and furosine were also determined in crumb and crust. Levels of HMF had a wide range (0.9-1.76 mg/kg) and furosine was between 43 and 221 mg/100 g of protein.


Assuntos
Pão , Reação de Maillard
15.
J Agric Food Chem ; 47(7): 2872-8, 1999 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10552579

RESUMO

In many countries, baby cereals are the first solid food given to 3-4-month-old babies after weaning and to infants aged 6-12 months. Various simple technologies are traditionally used in the processing of cereals, including toasting, hydrolysis, and drying. In this study color and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) assays have been used to evaluate heat effects induced during the manufacture of these foods. The baby cereals analyzed were wheat, rice, oat, and four mixtures of flours. No HMF was detected in the raw flours. Toasting the flours increased HMF values by between 1.1 and 4.53 mg/kg and color (DeltaE) values by 2.51-9.34. The drying step increased HMF values by between 1.14 and 19.60 mg/kg. High values of HMF coincided with the addition of ingredients containing HMF. Color and HMF contents in sugar-amino acid model systems were much higher than in sugar systems at temperatures >100 degrees C and low moisture content.


Assuntos
Grão Comestível/química , Reação de Maillard , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Colorimetria , Modelos Químicos
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